We are living in a world of Artificial Intelligence, so knowing about AI becomes demanding. In general language, Artificial language is a field where the machine can solve some problems with its huge dataset and Large Language Models. Now AI is becoming smarter day by day. The year 2023 is going to be game-changing in the world of Artificial Intelligence.
Other than simple words, Artificial Intelligence is a field where computer science and data available on the internet combine to solve problems.
The History and Evolution of Artificial Intelligence
When we talk about Artificial Intelligence we should also know its history, and how it evolved from scratch to an advanced level.
From 1300 – 1900
The story of Artificial Intelligence starts in 1308 when a Catalan theologian and famous poet Ramon Llull publishes Ars generalis ultima (The Ultimate General Art). He tells us how to create new knowledge from combinations of concepts (called, Combinatorial Art). On Llull’s proposition many new mathematicians, philosophers, and educationists propose their concept of intelligence.
In the year 1763-64, Thomas Bayes develops a concept of probability of events. Famous Bayesian Inference was something which take Machine learning ahead of years. In 1898, Tesla’s World’s First Radio-Controlled Vessel was demonstrated as “a borrowed mind”.
In the year 1914, Spanish engineer Leonardo Torres demonstrated the world’s first chess-playing machine. The machine was able to end the game without any human intervention.
From 1901 – 1980
After 1920, the word “robot” came into existence through the Slavonic word “robota” (work). In the year 1925, Houdina Radio Control launches a radio-controlled driverless car.
In the year 1949, real artificial intelligence was introduced when an American computer scientist Edmund Berkeley publishes Giant Brains: Or Machines That Think. Here, in this book he tells that our brains and these machines (computers) are similar. He tells that if the brains are made of hardware and have wires then both would work and look the same.
According to officials, the 1950 was a game-changing year in the world of Artificial Intelligence. The first computer was programmed to Play chess. An article by Claude Shannon’s published about this chess-playing computer program. Here in this same year, Alan Turing proposed “the imitation game”. Laterally, known as the “Turing Test”.
1951 – World’s first artificial neural network was built named “SNARC”. One year later, the first computer program was built to learn itself.
The official birthdate of Artificial Intelligence is considered in the month of July and August of 1956. For the first time, the “artificial intelligence” word was coined in a proposal. In 1958, John McCarthy develops the most popular AI Programming Language. “Machine Learning” term was coined in 1959 and used in the programming of computer software for artificial intelligence.
Herbert Simon an American political scientist predicts in 1965 that in the next 20 years “Machines can do any work, which a man can do”.
From 1980 – 1999
1986 was the year when anyone can say that AI’s upcoming generation is going to change the whole world. Then the first type of autonomous and driverless car Mercedes-Benz van equipped with many sensors and camera drives up to 55mph on empty streets.
In 1988, Rollo Carpenter develops Jabberwacky, the first try to build a Chat Box. It was an early attempt to create artificial intelligence with human interaction. This chatbox was designed to carry out the interaction between humans and chatbox. After the Jabberwacky, Rollo makes another chatbox named Cleverbot (click to chat with it).
In 1997, Deep Blue was the first chess-playing program computer to beat the world chess champion. The development of Deep Blue was begun in 1985 with the name Chip Test. Initially, in 1985 the name of this computer was Deep Thought but laterally, in 1989 it was named Deep Blue. Its first try was in 1996 when it lost to world champion Garry Kasparov by 4-2. After a year in 1997, a six-match rematch was held between Garry Kasparov and Deep Blue, where Deep Blue win three games and draw one game.
In 1998, Furby, the world’s first domestic or pet robot was designed by Tiger Electronics. It has an owl-like structure which was very popular as a toy. This toy was on the “must-have” list. It can speak and translate into 14 different languages.
From 2000 – Present
Till 2000 there were some AI-based gadgets in the market. But the researchers were still searching for more powerful and emotion-based AI. In the year 2000, Kismet was the world’s first robot that could recognise and simulate emotions. Honda’s ASIMO robot was the world’s first service-based AI robot. ASIMO serve in the restaurant. It can walk as fast as humans do. The delivery speed of the robot was much better than the human waiter.
In 2009, in the field of autonomous cars, Google’s first self-driving car was in the development phase. And 5 years later, it became the first car to pass. In 2016, Google’s DeepMind defeated 18-time Go world champion Lee Sedol.
Two Types – Narrow AI and General AI
There are mainly two types of Artificial Intelligence, Narrow AI and General AI. In short, both can be differentiated on basis of how they are used.
Narrow AI
Narrow AI is generally termed Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI). As it has a narrow word in its name which denotes that it is set to perform some specific task.
General AI
On the other hand, General AI is also called Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) which is developed to perform some human task or task which humans can do. General Intelligence is in its starting phase. General Intelligence has the capacity to learn and understand as humans do.
Application of Narrow AI and General AI
The application of narrow AI can be seen in filtering spam Emails, recommending music genes, autonomous vehicles, voice assistance and analysis of data sets. While the application of General AI is at the initial level and is been developed regularly.
Branches of Artificial Intelligence
The 4 branches of AI are –
Genetic Programming
It is a concept of the extension of genetic algorithms. The main idea of this concept is to represent computer programming as a tree. Basically, in this branch, we know step-wise about the algorithms and their emergence.
If in any situation you don’t know the exact solution or result in advance then we use such programming.
Epistemology
Epistemology is an English word coined by Scottish philosopher James Frederick Ferrier. This branch of AI helps to solve the concern and matters of harm of the diseases in the world. By the Wikipedia, Epistemology is a theory of knowledge or study related to knowledge.
Ontology
This branch of artificial intelligence deals with the study of various kinds of objects. This branch play important role in AI because machine learning is such an algorithm which can read and understand objects. And also, learn such objects for future depiction.
The use of Ontology is going to be much in Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), and AGI is still in its initial phase. AGI is going to be like humans which can understand and learn itself.
Heuristics
This branch of artificial intelligence deals with the study of experience-based techniques for the solving of problems, learning and discovering new things by itself only.
Heuristics provide almost exact solutions for the exact questions asked to it.
Famous terminology and their definition
We come across many terms and words when studying AI-related articles. Here, I have picked some of the most used terms in the artificial intelligence context.
Machine Learning
Machine Learning is a very important aspect of artificial intelligence. It can be defined as “the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.”
Machine Learning is a process where it helps the computer to learn and teach itself to evolve to new and ever-changing data. For example, every social media platform uses AI and machine learning to make a better user experience and suggest feeds based on user likes.
Deep Learning
Deep learning is advanced machine learning that emulates the human brain and the human level of intelligence. This advanced machine learning is taking AI to next level with image recognition, sound recognition and understanding the prompt given to it.
Semantic Network
A technique where technology mainly focuses on the relationships between objects. Basically, it creates a connection between objects.
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Artificial Neural Network is a technology where the computer and AI mimic or trace a human path on how they look toward the world and surrounding.
For example, two photos one of a horse and the second of a donkey. If you question which one is a horse then using an artificial neural network, will answer.
Data Mining
Data mining is a process where obtaining helpful rules from a very large set of data. When a big set is being studied and the root cause is needed and to be identified then we do data mining.
Black Box
Algorithms that are either inaccessible or too complex for the user to read and understand.
Miscellaneous Terminology
Data in Wild
Data in the wild means, data that was used for some purpose but after use, it was used for many other purposes.
GOFAI
Good old Fashioned artificial intelligence was first-generation AI, symbolic AI which is more explainable than Machine Learning.
Reinforcement Learning
It is a branch of Machine Learning where an algorithm develops policies for the sequence of decisions under different conditions through trial and error methods.
Singularity
A time when AI is so powerful that it itself produces much more powerful autonomous machines and algorithms and Artificial Intelligence tools.
AI Winter
Basically, AI winter means, the decline in interest in the AI fund and its initiative program to take it to another level. The first AI winter occurred in the 1970s when people have reduced interest in Artificial Intelligence.
Keywords of Artificial Intelligence
There are some keywords of Artificial Intelligence which play a key factor in all the operations of Artificial Intelligence. We will discuss it in detail.
Cognitive Analytics
Cognitive analytics is a branch of Artificial Intelligence which learns and understands at scale. When any machine or robot or AI learns from human interaction that can be possible only if the algorithms are constructed in such a way. These algorithms are possible through cognitive analytics.
AI learns and understands the behaviour of the human body and its expression. To compute the ability of Cognitive Analytics you have to ask some questions from the raw structure. If the system gives the right or some related answer to the question shows the ability of cognitive analytics.
Robotics
When we talk about robots, AI plays a vital role. AI is the key to unlocking all the operations which can be done by robots. A robot is an AI program that is set to perform simple and sometimes complex tasks. Generally, the AI algorithm tells the robot to perform certain tasks depending upon the different conditions or work on the set rule.
There are different types of robots. In the autonomous vehicle industry, we have vehicles like Amazon’s Zoox Robotaxi which is strong and has an advanced robot that fully controls the vehicle. For our household work, we have a vacuum cleaner robot, Different industries have different robots like the automobile industry have robots which paint the car and do all essential checkups.
Regarding computer robots, we have different chatbots that provide customer service and auto-reply bots that reply to frequently asked questions. These robots provide a better user experience.
Nowadays, drones have also advanced AI system which allows them to calculate all the essential parameters. Today’s smart drones provide all stats about the altitude the drone is flying, the speed of each propeller, the speed of the drone, fly time etc. Smart Assistance like Alexa and Siri are totally based on AI and robotics.
List of some of the most powerful robots of 2023
- MIT’s Cheetah
- Amelia
- Sophia
- Nadine Social Robot
- Atlas
- Nao
Smart Machines
The word “Smart” is self capable to tell about the whole word or sentence. Here Smart Machine means, the machines which are capable of doing work using cognitive analytics. They are not controlled by humans but are working on some pre-installed and pre-instructed algorithms.
Smart machines actively take part in such tasks where humans use their conscious minds so that they can be more conscious and learn from humans. With this learning, they can perform much more work on their own without any direction from humans.
Many experts are warning about smart machines. In a few years, smart machines can gain such consciousness that they can use cognitive analytics to communicate with themselves.
Experts are predicting that in a few years, IOTs are going to communicate with each other. Security cameras can assist other gadgets to look over any suspected room.
What can be the final product when all these qualities combine –
When machine learning, cognitive analytics, robotics and smart machines combine in AI the resulting product is an advanced AI humanoid. These will be capable of doing the work which humans can do. The concept of humanoid is still in the initial phase but in future, these are going to be smarter and more powerful.
Those days are not so far when humanoids are superior to humans. So, in upcoming years if the wise use of technology and AI continues, the world is going to be more robotic than ever.
Research on Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence is going to make its presence felt everywhere. In the next 5 years, the world is going to be totally dependent on AI. Many researchers have warned about the effect of AI.
Research published on 27 March 2023 by scholars of OpenAI, OpenResearch, and the University of Pennsylvania, where they studied the impact of AI on the human job where the topic was “Labor Market Impact of Large Language Models”.
The researchers concluded that 80% of the U.S. workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks affected. By the introduction of LLMs, approximately 19% of workers may see at least 50% of their tasks impacted. They said LLMs such as GPTs exhibit traits of general-purpose technologies, that can have considerable economic, social, and policy implications.
They find that the job which mostly depends on the computer and related field is going to affect most. The experts shared a graph which shows that jobs related to Securities commodity contracts and other Financial Investments and related activities are most exposed to AI, and most likely they may lose their job very soon. But that graph also shows that jobs related to Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry may run for a long time, because of labour work.
Some of the most exposed jobs to AI are Insurance Carriers, Data Processing Hosting, Information Service and Publishing Industry. Whereas, jobs which are least exposed to AI are Wood Product Manufacturing, Forestry and Logging, and Food Manufacturing.
In conclusion, we can say that labour-supporting activities are going to last long. For example, in forestry, there are many challenges and human labour is needed for all sorts of work. But in the case of data processing, one can give a certain command or develops algorithms which can process the data in minutes.
Application of Artificial Intelligence
As AI has grown in the last few years, the application of AI is going to change the whole world. The application of AI has a very wide range. Experts are worried about the jobs which are connected to the data structure. Skilled workers are going to be replaced by AI.
Nowadays IOTs are getting advanced by the feature of AI. AI has 5 following skills which allow it to run smoothly –
- Listen/Talk
- Watch
- Remember
- Think
- Act
Combining all these skills of AI, below are some of the great applications –
Image Recognition
We, humans, are totally different from machines. Machines are not like us in remembering things. Humans can recognise any image or differentiate between two images but at the same time robots and AI can’t do the same.
Machine learning and deep learning make this possible for robots and AI-based products to recognise and differentiate between two objects. They use algorithms based on their past experience and learning.
Voice Recognition
Voice recognition is also an AI-based program where the system has to recognise the voice. In this tech world, everything is going to be based on voice recognition. Smart home assistance is still in the market. In the upcoming years, nearly every household thing is going to be based on voice recognition. When General AI will come, humans can control their IOTs with their smartphones.
In voice recognition, if a human speaks to a robot or a computer bot, the bot is going to change that voice into text. The converted text can be used for any purpose. The text can be used for smart assistance, translation, searching anything and writing any text.
Voice recognition systems are widely used by smart assistants like Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa and Google’s Google Assistance.
In 1952, speech recognition was started as “Audrey”. Audrey could recognise digits when spoken in a signal voice. In the last few years, this voice recognition has changed dramatically. Before, the voice assistant could not easily listen and write but after the introduction of Machine Learning and Deep Learning this could be possible.
Translation
In terms of translation, we can say that changing any language into another can be termed as translation. Earlier, the translation was not so accurate, which was around 20% accuracy. In the initial stage of translation, the word was using its counterpart for translation. After the commencement of AI, the accuracy reached up to 90%. Machine Learning makes it easier to translate within seconds.
Some of the top translation apps present in the app stores –
- Google translate
- DeepL Translate
- Microsoft Translate
- iTranslate
Question Answering
Question and answering is also a part of AI and its application. Nowadays, the user uses many chatbots which gives answer related to our question. Earlier this service was only available as customer support agents for particular companies. But now, this service is easily available as AI makes it easier to answer complex questions.
Two types of bots answer the questions i.e. closed domains and open domains. Closed domains are especially used by companies to answer questions related to their company. Whereas, Open domain bot can answer a question related to our daily lifestyle and surrounding question.
Major breakthrough was made by Google when they prepared a bot which has short-term memory and due to this ability the bot can copy real-world human-robot conversation.
In the field of customer service, IPsoft’s Amelia is one of the most advanced chatbots for customer support service.
Solver/Game
If we want to solve any reasoning problem or play the most complicated Go game, AI can be the solution. AI’s most interesting application is playing games with humans. Due to AI, it is possible to play any game with a computer.
After the 1990’s AI game emerges from nowhere. The World Champion of Go game was defeated by AI and even the World Champion of Chess was defeated by AI. This shows AI’s algorithms are so strong and powerful that they can defeat the human brain.
Google’s AlphaGo is one of the most advanced AI-playing computers. Google is playing a vital role in developing an advanced AI that can learn and remember millions of games played between humans and AI. Deepmind’s new algorithm allows the neural network to remember the last 10-15 games and their step at a time.
Big tech giants are using AI to reduce their storage costs, electricity bill cost and much more expense using AI.
Natural Language Processing
In simple words, Natural Language Processing or NPL is a one-word answer for voice recognition and speech recognition to language generation. But each process needs a different technique to operate.
OR
It is a branch of AI where it allows machines to understand and learn human language. NPL uses machine learning to understand different languages by human beings. Nowadays we see many chatbots, text-to-image AI and voice recognition all of these use Natural Language Processing and Neural Machine Translator.
Possible Application of Artificial Intelligence
- Virtual Personal Assistance
- Social Network Analysis
- Visualization
- Internet of Things (IoT)
What is an AI tool? Describe famous tools
AI tool can be simply defined as a tool which uses Large Language Model (LLM) i.e. machine learning, deep learning, and neural network to deliver chatbots, text-to-image apps, and voice assistance apps.
Some of the top trending AI tools of 2023 are –
ChatGPT
Basically, ChatGPT is an advanced version of Google or any search engine which is AI-based. You can ask it for anything you want to know. The full form of GPT is Generative Pre-trained Transformer. ChatGPT uses LLMs to deliver tasks given to it.
History
ChatGPT was created by OpenAI. OpenAI is a research organisation which focuses on developing artificial intelligence. OpenAI was founded in 2015.
ChatGPT was the brainchild of Sam Altman, Elon Musk, Greg Brockman and others. It is totally based on neural network architecture. ChatGPT was first introduced in June 2020. For the first time, ChatGPT was launched in 2018.
Training and Uses
It is trained by tuning test and its parameters are set by backpropagation. It has progressive programming that learns daily and always adds new things and new knowledge. Deep learning makes it easier to learn things every time interact with humans.
When looking for its uses, it can be used for answering questions, writing script prompts, also can translate text into another language, summarising the text and also completing the sentence. Moreover, you can write code for websites.
Limitation
When it comes to knowing the limitation of ChatGPT you should know it has some major drawbacks. Like, ChatGPT is only updated up to 2021 and has limited knowledge. The home page of ChatGPT says that it can be biased sometimes. Moreover, ChatGPT does not show the source reference. It does not provide any link to souce information (These limitations are up to March 2023 and can be improved later).
Midjourney
Midjourney is also an AI-based program. This AI tool generates images from natural language descriptions. You simply have to write the prompt for the image you want.
It uses deep learning algorithms to provide high-quality images. Therefore, using midjourney provides a unique image every time with the same prompt.
History
Midjourney was founded by David Hoiz, who is also a co-founder of Leap Motion. It was launched in beta mode on July 12, 2022. Midjourney is similar to DALL -E and the codex is similar to OpenAI. OpenAI’s DALL -E is almost the same as Midjourney. It is based on a progressive algorithm which allows it to self-learn and understand when interacting with different prompts.
David Hoiz
David Hoiz is the founder of Midjourney. He founded this AI machine-learning tool in 2022. He is also the Chief Technology Officer and Co-founder of Leap Motion, now Ultraleap. Leap motion is a small USB device which captures the movement of the hand. You can place this device on your laptop or on your VR set. However, this is the world’s most advanced hand-tracking technology.
DALL -E
DALL -E is also an AI program developed by OpenAI. It is the same as Midjourney which is used to generate images from text or prompts given to it. It generates digital art online by processing millions of images online. Now, in 2023 DALL -E 2 is working on an updated version which uses 3.5 billion parameters.
How it generates images?
Especially, DALL -E uses GPT-3 artificial intelligence programs to generate unique and powerful images. It also uses natural language description as other text-to-image AI tools do. It processes millions of images present on the internet. Like others, it also has a progressive algorithm. The progressive algorithm makes it more unique and special to generate imaginary images.
History
The journey of DALL -E starts on January 5, 2021. Its parent company OpenAI introduced it to the web world. On June 2022, OpenAI introduced a mini version of DALL -E as DALL -E Mini, which was the same as DALL -E. On September 28, 2022, Open AI announces that the new version of DALL -E will replace by DALL ·E 2.
How Artificial Intelligence is going to change our life?
20 years ago, the smartphone’s arrival change many things and so AI is going to do as smartphones did. Expert says after the commencement of AI tools many high-grade jobs are in danger.
An entrepreneur and founder of Masters’ Union Bussiness School Pratham Mittal say, “AI is going to take a lot of jobs in a few years.” He also added, “Only top of the job like entrepreneurship, CEO, and top-level jobs can’t be replaced by AI”. So, if anyone wants to be fearless about their job they must have some job which can not be easily replaced by AI and machines.
In fact, if you have a job which needs emotional Intelligence to run, you will be the boss of your job forever.
There are some jobs which will last for a long time. These jobs can be as Doctors (esp. surgeons), Personal Assistance of the Head of the company or CEO, Entrepreneurs, Data scientists related jobs, and High-class Coders.
What is going to change in the next 10 years
According to me, AI is going to revolutionize the world in the next 10 years. Things are going to be part of an autonomous industry where the machine going to take control of the world. Many experts are extremely worried about the experiment going on in AI.
Elon Musk twitted, “ChatGPT is scary good. We are not far from dangerously strong AI.”
As the expert says, due to AI and their powerful tools the risk of cyber security will increase. People can easily create software which will be able to hack any system. There will be more crime in future due to AI. Hackers are still able to steal money from bank accounts and do various types of fraud. These acts will gain growth in the next 5-10 years with the help of AI.
Our household things are going to be converted into the Internet of Things (IoT). Hackers could easily find our data and even our location by hacking these IoTs.
In the field of drones, AI is going to be the boss. Companies are trying their best to take their drone to higher grades and this problem will be solved by AI. And the same, Robotics will share the same partnership with AI. Many robotics companies are working on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) to modernize their robots before others do.
Top 5 AI-based Industries Going to Rule the World
We have already seen the example of AI tools like ChatGPT and Midjourney, and how fast AI is growing. These are the top 5 AI-based industries that are must-knowing –
- Internet of Things
- Cyber Security
- Drones Industry
- Robotics
- Virtual Reality
These industries are going to rule the world in the next 10 years with the help of AI. At the first position the Internet of Things may rank, virtual reality may rank second and drone industries third. However, the AI industry will be the boss of all.
How we can survive in the Artificial Intelligence era?
This AI era is going to change so many things. So to counter this we really need to know what is this masterpiece and how we can know about it in deep. AI is the most powerful tool we have invented as of now. People are afraid of this, they are saying, “Oh, I want to stay away from that.” So, we need to take out this fear about AI.
Know AI thinking
Our education system should include AI thinking as soon as possible. AI thinking will allow people to know the real difference between humans and AI. AI’s important thinking aspect –
- Know how AI works
- Differentiate the human abilities versus the machine’s ability or AI’s ability.
- Know how to work with AI
How AI works
In past, AI was working on how humans set certain parameters, algorithms, rules etc. but after the advancement of computers or supercomputers, things change dramatically. Now, we developed Deep Learning, Reinforcement Learning. Now, we have powerful computers which can handle any type of data and process them easily.
Differentiate between human abilities and AI abilities
Differentiating between human abilities and AI abilities can be done through physical work. This means, certain physical work only can be done by humans so replacing these types of jobs will be so much more difficult for AI. Whereas, AI can solve the data-related problem easily than humans.
How to work with AI
Working with AI is a little tricky and complicated. You can start working with AI if you had certain plans. There are hundreds of AI tools present in the market through which anyone can earn money. For instance, if you are a YouTuber or have an Instagram account, you can teach people What is AI? and how to use AI?
What is the Artificial Intelligence war?
After the commencement of ChatGPT and Midjourney, the big tech giants are competing with each other. Earlier ChatGPT was a free body under OpenAI but now it is a subsidiary of Microsoft. After this announcement by Microsoft, Google announces that they are also building a competitor to ChatGPT, named Bard.
Introduction of ChatGPT in the Bing search engine and Edge Browser
On February 7, 2023, Microsoft announces that their Bing search engine is going to have ChatGPT for search results. Microsoft also announces that their browser Edge is also going to be updated and will have built-in ChatGPT. After ChatGPT merges with Microsoft’s Bing, their daily users reached 100 Million first time ever.
As of now, Microsoft is ahead of Google by their smart move to merge ChatGPT in their search engine Bing and their browser Edge.
This is all about Artificial Intelligence in detail. If you have any queries drop your question in the comment box. For a such detailed article on AI and AI tools bookmark the Techy Gold Leaf page.
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